IN-SITU CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACE QUALITY IN γ-TiAl AEROSPACE ALLOY MACHINING

The functional performance of critical aerospace components such as low-pressure turbine blades is highly dependent on both the material property and machining induced surface integrity. Many resources have been invested in developing novel metallic, ceramic, and composite materials, such as gamma-titanium aluminide (γ-TiAl), capable of improved product and process performance. However, while γ-TiAl is known for its excellent performance in high-temperature operating environments, it lacks the manufacturing science necessary to process them efficiently under manufacturing-specific thermomechanical regimes. Current finish machining efforts have resulted in poor surface integrity of the machined component with defects such as surface cracks, deformed lamellae, and strain hardening. This study adopted a novel in-situ high-speed characterization testbed to investigate the finish machining of titanium aluminide alloys under a dry cutting condition to address these challenges. The research findings provided insight into material response, good cutting parameter boundaries, process physics, crack initiation, and crack propagation mechanism. The workpiece sub-surface deformations were observed using a high-speed camera and optical microscope setup, providing insights into chip formation and surface morphology. Post-mortem analysis of the surface cracking modes and fracture depths estimation were recorded with the use of an upright microscope and scanning white light interferometry, In addition, a non-destructive evaluation (NDE) quality monitoring technique based on acoustic emission (AE) signals, wavelet transform, and deep neural networks (DNN) was developed to achieve a real-time total volume crack monitoring capability. This approach showed good classification accuracy of 80.83% using scalogram images, in-situ experimental data, and a VGG-19 pre-trained neural network, thereby establishing the significant potential for real-time quality monitoring in manufacturing processes. The findings from this present study set the tone for creating a digital process twin (DPT) framework capable of obtaining more aggressive yet reliable manufacturing parameters and monitoring techniques for processing turbine alloys and improving industry manufacturing performance and energy efficiency

Enhanced Mobility Solution In Mobile Ipv6 Network

The performance of Network Mobility (NEMO) used to manage network mobility does not provide satisfactory result in terms of delay, throughput and session continuity when dealing with multihomed mobile network. Enhanced Mobility Solution in Mobile IPv6 Network is extremely complex; the study addressed the multihoming issues of MIPV6 Networks on the basis of NEMO Basic Support, analyzes the benefits of multihoming and discusses implementation issues of all classes of multihoming possibilities. Additionally, Policy-based routing, as one of the multihoming benefits, is studied in particular. A framework based on policy based routing protocol was proposed for handling both the inbound and the outbound traffic on a mobile network, under specified policies which consider packet characteristics, current network situation and user preferences. The interface selection algorithm was based on NEMO implementation structure using a technique of mutihoming which was extended to MIPv6 concepts The outcome of this research work are: a designed policy protocol for policy messages communication between the Mobile Router and the Home Agent, the framework is simulated using Network Simulator (NS2) with an extension of mobiwan, the result shows the end to end delay, average end to end delay, overhead, optimal routing path, average inter-packet latency and throughput of the developed system. The information from the analysis of the result shows that the enhanced solution has drastically reduced average packet delay to minimum with 72.5 %( 0.040s to 0.011s), and end-end delay with 75 %( 0.020s to 0.005s) compared with NEMO solution. Overhead in the mobile network was maintained by 10bytes per nested level by keeping the session. The solution is important by enterprises in making decision to acquire internet connectivity for the purpose of connectivity redundancy and traffic load distribution optimization. This result is very important for time sensitive application that requires stable network condition

A Novel Approach for Real-Time Quality Monitoring in Machining of Aerospace Alloy through Acoustic Emission Signal Transformation for DNN

Gamma titanium aluminide (γ-TiAl) is considered a high-performance, low-density replacement for nickel-based superalloys in the aerospace industry due to its high specific strength, which is retained at temperatures above 800 °C. However, low damage tolerance, i.e., brittle material behavior with a propensity to rapid crack propagation, has limited the application of γ-TiAl. Any cracks introduced during manufacturing would dramatically lower the useful (fatigue) life of γ-TiAl components, making the workpiece surface’s quality from finish machining a critical component to product quality and performance. To address this issue and enable more widespread use of γ-TiAl, this research aims to develop a real-time non-destructive evaluation (NDE) quality monitoring technique based on acoustic emission (AE) signals, wavelet transform, and deep neural networks (DNN). Previous efforts have opted for traditional approaches to AE signal analysis, using statistical feature extraction and classification, which face challenges such as the extraction of good/relevant features and low classification accuracy. Hence, this work proposes a novel AI-enabled method that uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract rich and relevant features from a two-dimensional image representation of 1D time-domain AE signals (known as scalograms), subsequently classifying the AE signature based on pedigreed experimental data and finally predicting the process-induced surface quality. The results of the present work show good classification accuracy of 80.83% using scalogram images, in-situ experimental data, and a VGG-19 pre-trained neural network, establishing the significant potential for real-time quality monitoring in manufacturing processes

Judicial Balacing of Parental Objection to Medical Treatment on the Basis of Religious Beleifs and Children Right to Life in Nigeria

Children being vulnerable, have special protection under the law through their parents or guardian who are responsible for them; and make decisions for them because they lack legal capacity. One of these decisions a parent/guardian makes is determining the religion of a child. Once the parent/guardian chooses the religion of the child, the child may become bound by its practices throughout childhood. While the right of parents to determine the religion of their children is recognised by domestic, regional and international laws, the way courts in Nigeria treat this recognition suggests that the right is not absolute. This paper adopts the doctrinal methodology in interrogating the extent to which Nigerian Courts permit the observation by a child of the religious practices of his/her parent in relation to submission to medical treatment in order to protect the child’s right to life. This paper argues that law and morality are media of social control but have their convergence and divergence. It further argues that sanctity of human life which for many forbids suicide, requires that even adults should not be allowed to object to medical treatment which refusal may result in death which can be seen as “disguised suicide.” These authors examined the Supreme Court decision in Medical Dental Practitioners Disciplinary Council v. Okonkwo and found that; Nigerian Courts recognise parent right to choose their children religion and practices however, any religious practice prejudicial to the child based on the “best interest” principle provided under the Child Right Act and its States equivalent will be jettisoned. It examines the practice in Britain and Canada and draw lessons for Nigeria. This paper recommends public enlightenment, prohibition of harmful religious beliefs such as objection to life-saving medical procedure by parents for minors as means of    balancing parents/guardian right to choose their children religious beliefs and preservation of the children right to life

Computationally Efficient, Multi-Domain Hybrid Modeling of Surface Integrity in Machining and Related Thermomechanical Finishing Processes

In order to enable more widespread implementation of sophisticated process modeling, a novel, rapidly deployable multi-physics hybrid model of surface integrity in finishing operations is proposed. Rather than modeling detailed chip formation mechanics, as is common in numerical models, the proposed models integrates existing analytical and semi-empirical models of the plastic, elastic, thermal and thermodynamic domains. Using this approach, highly complex surface integrity phenomena such as residual stresses, grain size, phase composition, microhardness profile, etc. can be accurately predicted in a manner of seconds. It is envisioned that this highly efficient modeling scheme will drive new innovations in surface engineering

Self‑reported Training Needs among Physicians in a Tertiary Institution, Southwest, Nigeria: An Application of Hennessy‑Hicks Training Needs Assessment Tool

Background: To keep pace with existing as well as emerging public and population health challenges, continuing in‑service professionaldevelopment (CPD) of physicians is paramount. This study assessed the training needs of physicians in a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, South‑West,Nigeria. Methods: This study utilized a descriptive cross‑sectional design. Three hundred and fifty‑five physicians were randomly selected. Data were collected with the aid of the Hennessy‑Hicks Training Needs Assessment tool. The instrument has five broad sub‑sections: Research/audit, communication/teamwork, clinical tasks, administration, and management/supervisory tasks. In all, these subsections are made up of 30 items with their roles/tasks and were used to assess the training needs of individual study respondents. Charts and proportions were utilized to present the CPD training needs reported by physicians. Mann–Whitney U test was used to examine the difference in training needs between consultants and resident doctors.  Results: A larger proportion of the study respondents were middle‑aged adults. Respondents’ ages were fairly distributed across the varying age brackets. Respondents within the age bracket 35–39 were the highest (30.36%), followed by those within ages 30–34 years (24.09%). With regard to training needs and capacity development, research/audit skills had the highest need (0.83). Furthermore, training that enhances   managerial/supervisory skills had a rating of 0.68. Clinical tasks and administration tasks have the same rating (0.63), whereas   communication/teamwork had the lowest rating. Consultants expressed higher training needs compared with resident doctors across all task domains. Conclusion: Quest for skills in research had the topmost priority among physicians, and thus, majority were likely to be receptive to training and acquisition of new skills. Future CPD training should reflect the critical needs for performance improvement, as indicated in this study. Keywords: Continuing Professional Development, Health-care, Hennessy‑Hicks Training Needs Assessment, Physicians, Nigeri

Characterization and Modeling of Surface Roughness and Burr Formation in Slot Milling of Polycarbonate

Thermoplastic materials hold great promise for next-generation engineered and sustainable plastics and composites. However, due to their thermoplastic nature and viscoplastic material response, it is difficult to predict the properties of surfaces generated by machining. This is especially problematic in micro-channel machining, where burr formation and excessive surface roughness lead to poor component-surface integrity. This study attempts to model the influence of size effects, which occur due to the finite sharpness of any cutting tool, on surface finish and burr formation during micro-milling of an important thermoplastic material, polycarbonate. Experimental results show that the depth of cut does not affect either surface finish or burr formation. A proposed new sideflow model shows the dominant effect of cutting-edge radius and feed rate on surface finish, while tool edge roughness, coating and feed rate have the most pronounced influence on burr formation. Overall, a good agreement between the experimental data and the proposed size effect model for the machining of thermoplastic material was found. Based on these results, tool geometry and process parameters may be optimized for improved surface integrity of machined thermoplastic components

Effects of Covid-19 Outbreaks on Demand for Electronic News in New Bussa, Nigeria

The work investigates how the Covid-19 outbreak affects the demand for electronic news before and during the lockdown in New Bussa, a major town in Niger State, one of Nigeria’s 36 political subdivisions. It also explores the adoption of social media channels in disseminating news related to the pandemic. The questionnaire on Google form was distributed to the residents of the town to which 150 of them responded. The results,among others, show that even though there was a higher demand for news in the thick of the pandemic, it was not significant. This outcome does not align with the previous findings that found demand significantly risen in a similar situation. What is more, this finding brings a rethinking of the classical conditioning theory to the table

Administration of Retirement in Nigeria: Periscoping the effect on Retirees

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of financial performance on the value of Jordanian industrial firms, which are registered in Amman Financial Market (AFM). The sample of the study consists of (40) firms available on the AFM’s website. They represent 71.4% of the Jordanian industrial firms, during the period (2006-2015). Regression is used to test the study’s hypotheses. Tobin’s Q and operational efficiency indicators are used to measure financial performance (Gross profit and the operating expenses). The study reveals that there is a statistically significant impact of financial performance on the firms’ values. The study recommends that the firms’ management, stakeholders and investors should concern with using appropriate indicators to analyze financial performance that are developed by the researchers such as the operating efficiency indicators, in addition to TQ index. This is because measuring performance is important for forecasting firm’s value, and helps stakeholders in making appropriate decisions. Keywords: Financial Performance, Firm value, Tobin’s Q index, Gross profit, and the Operating costs